Chemical Formula For Ammonium Carbonate

Chemical used as leavening agent and smelling common salt

Ammonium carbonate
Names



IUPAC proper name Ammonium carbonate
Other names baker's ammonia sal volatile salt of hartshorn E503
Identifiers
CAS Number	506-87-six ^Y 16799-91-0 (monohydrate)^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChemSpider	10048 ^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.326
EC Number	233-786-0
East number	E503(i) (acidity regulators, ...)
IUPHAR/BPS	4509
PubChem CID	517111
UNII	PDP691CN28 ^Y
UN number	3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5047457
InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.2H3N/c2-ane(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);21H3^Y Key: PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-Due north^Y InChI=one/CH2O3.2H3N/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,three,4);ii1H3 Key: PRKQVKDSMLBJBJ-UHFFFAOYAQ
SMILES O=C(O)O.N.North [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)[O-]
Properties
Chemic formula	(NH₄)₂CO₃
Molar mass	96.09 grand/mol
Appearance	White powder
Density	ane.50 chiliad/cm³
Melting point	58 °C (136 °F; 331 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in h2o	100 g/100 ml (15°C)^[one] 25 g/100 ml (20°C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-42.50·ten^{−half-dozen} cm^three/mol
Hazards
Occupational condom and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Irritant
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Betoken word	Alarm
Hazard statements	H302, H319
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium carbamate
Other cations	Sodium carbonate Potassium carbonate
Except where otherwise noted, information are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Yverify (what is^{Y North} ?) Infobox references

Chemical chemical compound

Ammonium carbonate is a salt with the chemic formula (NH₄)₂CO₃. Since it readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and too as smelling salt. It is too known as baker's ammonia and was a predecessor to the more modern leavening agents baking soda and baking powder. It is a component of what was formerly known as sal volatile and salt of hartshorn,^[ii] and produces a pungent smell when baked.

Product [edit]

Ammonium carbonate is produced by combining carbon dioxide and aqueous ammonia. About fourscore,000 tons/year were produced as of 1997.^[2]

An orthorhombic monohydrate is known. It crystallizes in an ammonia solution exposed in a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere.^[iii]

Decomposition [edit]

Ammonium carbonate slowly decomposes at standard temperature and pressure through two pathways. Thus whatever initially pure sample of ammonium carbonate will soon become a mixture including various byproducts.

Ammonium carbonate can spontaneously decompose into ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia:

(NH_four)_iiCO_iii → NH_ivHCO_three + NH₃

Which further decompose to carbon dioxide, water and some other molecule of ammonia:

NH₄HCO₃ → H₂O + CO_two + NH₃

Uses [edit]

Leavening agent [edit]

Ammonium carbonate may be used as a leavening amanuensis in traditional recipes, peculiarly those from northern Europe and Scandinavia (e.chiliad. Amerikaner, Speculoos, Tunnbröd or Lebkuchen). Information technology was the forerunner to today's more than commonly used blistering pulverization.

Originally made from footing deer horn and called hartshorn, today it is called baker'south ammonia. Information technology is prepared past the sublimation of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate and occurs as a white pulverization or a hard, white or translucent mass.^[4] It acts as a heat activated leavening agent and breaks downwardly into carbon dioxide (leavening), ammonia (which needs to misemploy) and h2o. It is sometimes combined with sodium bicarbonate to mimic as a double acting baking pulverisation and to assist mask any ammonia smell not baked out.

It also serves equally an acidity regulator and has the E number E503. Information technology tin can be replaced with baking powder, just this may affect both the gustation and texture of the finished product. Baker'south ammonia should be used to create thin dry out baked goods similar crackers and cookies. This allows the strong ammonia smell to broil out. Information technology should non exist used to make moist broiled items like cake since ammonia is hydrophilic and will get out a strong bitter sense of taste.

Its employ as a leavening agent, with associated controversy, goes back centuries:

In the 3rd kind of staff of life, a vesicular advent is given to information technology past the addition to the dough of some ammoniacal salt, (commonly the sub-carbonate,) which becomes wholly converted into a gaseous substance during the process of blistering, causing the dough to swell out into little air vessels, which finally bursting, let the gas to escape, and exit the bread exceedingly porous. Mr. Accum, in his Treatise on Culinary Poisons, has stigmatized this process as "fraudulent," but, in our stance, nearly unjustly. The bakers would never adopt it but from necessity: when good yeast cannot exist procured, it forms an admirable and perfectly harmless substitute; costing the baker more, it diminishes his profit, while the consumer is benefited past the bread retaining the solid affair, which by the process of fermentation is dissipated in the form of booze and carbonic acid gas.^[5]

Other uses [edit]

Ammonium carbonate is the chief component of smelling salts, although the commercial scale of their production is pocket-sized. Buckley'southward cough syrup from Canada today uses ammonium carbonate as an active ingredient intended to aid relieve symptoms of bronchitis. Information technology is also used equally an emetic. Information technology is also establish in smokeless tobacco products, such equally Skoal, and information technology is used in aqueous solution as a photographic lens cleaning amanuensis, such as Eastman Kodak's "Kodak Lens Cleaner."

It is also used for luring of apple tree maggots in Washington State, to monitor the spread of the infestation and adjust the borders of the Apple Maggot Quarantine Expanse.^[six]

See too [edit]

Ammonium bicarbonate
Ammonium nitrate
Sal ammoniac, the mineralogical class of ammonium chloride

References [edit]

^ John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Printing. pp. four–40. ISBN978-1138561632.
^ ^a ^b Karl-Heinz Zapp (2012). "Ammonium Compounds". Ullmann'south Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:x.1002/14356007.a02_243. ISBN978-3527306732.
^ Fortes, A.D.; Wood, I.One thousand.; Alfè, D.; Hernàndez, Eastward.R.; Gutmann, M.J.; Sparkes, H.A. (2014-12-01). "Structure, hydrogen bonding and thermal expansion of ammonium carbonate monohydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 70 (6): 948–962. doi:ten.1107/S205252061402126X. ISSN 2052-5206. PMC4468514. PMID 25449618. Retrieved 2021-08-20 .
^ "CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Championship 21". www.accessdata.fda.gov . Retrieved 2018-02-07 .
^ "Breadstuff". The Engineer's and Mechanic's Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Luke Hebert. 1849. p. 239.
^ Yee, Wee L.; Nash, Meralee J.; Goughnour, Robert B.; Cha, Dong H.; Linn, Charles E.; Feder, Jeffrey Fifty. (2014). "Ammonium Carbonate is More than Attractive Than Apple and Hawthorn Fruit Volatile Lures to Rhagoletis pomonella(Diptera: Tephritidae) in Washington State". Environmental Entomology. 43 (4): 957–968. doi:10.1603/en14038. PMID 24915519. S2CID 31174719.